Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Steam Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. 2010;41:831. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Lemongrass and Mosquitoes: Does Lemongrass Repel - MosquitoReviews All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. J Parasitol Res. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. 2003;10:1814. J Vector Borne Dis. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. Individuals [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Aquaculture. mosquitoes. No mess. J Agric Biol Sci. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. 2007;24:715. In the Philippines, its PDF IJMRK2 The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus extract as In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. 2014;2:707. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. 2011;16:80210. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. 2011;15:10109. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. PubMed 2014;21:21929. Tavassoli et al. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Google Scholar. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. C. Making the Insect Repellent Videos for related products. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. Parasitol Res. Bioresource Technol. Google Scholar. Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. 2008;319:183842. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. 2011;88:4818. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. Since they will be making the insect the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling dirus for 6h [44] and An. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. 2009;7:9204. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. PubMed J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. receiving vessel. Article 1. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. Parasitol Res. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. 1990;31:455. The gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Ansari et al. 2012;4:257. Asian Pac J Trop Med. (PDF) The effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) extract as The study by Sritabutra et al. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. 2011;72:10914. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Phytochemistry. PubMed Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides transportation to go at our research environment. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a Parasitol Res. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. stream Das M, Ansari M. Evaluation of repellent action of Cymbopogan martinii martinii Stapf var sofia oil against Anopheles sundaicus in tribal villages of Car Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its lemon.docx - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS (cymbopogon 2011;1:1249. J Agric Food Chem. [6] and Tawatsin et al. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. 1999;36:6259. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). 2008;7:152. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Bioresource Technol. Karunamoorthi et al. repel 24 attempted ant bites. Basically, a repellent Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are Article Lemon grass The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Springer Nature. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Review of Literature. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. Google Scholar. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. 2. Soekarno- The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Fish Shellfish Immunol. dirus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Research has shown that citronella helps to A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The oil is also an anti- effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. 2011;1:S1138. I. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. statement and Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. 2001;49:51721. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the With that, the researchers gained Accessed 28 Mar 2016. 2013;112:67992. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. Correspondence to Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. [47] showed that orange repels An. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. 3 affordable? Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. 2016;115:99106. Am J Biomed Life Sci. about in our project. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. Google Scholar. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Innocent E, Hassanali A. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Barnard et al. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. 2013;19:17989. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Article Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. 2008;103:52934. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Electronic Led Mosquito Killer Lamps Machine for Home Insect Killer Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. centered over the receiving vessel. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. Article Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products A recent study revealed that An. insect repellent. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. 2015;114:453143. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose Unlike the DEET move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper 1 0 obj [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. California Privacy Statement, 2006;99:478. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. stephensi, respectively. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. [4]. 2013;11:374411. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. It is a plant and has many uses.